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Toss the tofu cubes with cornflour and a pinch of salt. Heat 1 tbsp oil in a large pan or wok over medium-high heat and cook the tofu until golden and crisp on most sides. Remove and set aside.
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In the same pan, add the remaining oil. Cook the garlic and ginger for about 30 seconds until fragrant, then add the capsicum, carrot and broccoli. Stir-fry for 3–4 minutes until just tender but still vibrant. Add the beans and cook for another minute.
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Whisk together all sauce ingredients in a small bowl, then pour into the pan. Bring to a simmer.
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Add the udon noodles (loosening them if needed) along with the crispy tofu. Toss everything together so the noodles are coated and heated through, about 2–3 minutes.
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The sauce should thicken slightly and cling to the noodles. Finish with sesame oil, then taste and adjust—add a splash more hot soy sauce for salt/heat or a touch more sugar if needed.
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Serve topped with spring onions and sesame seeds, with extra chilli oil if you want it punchier.